| Abstract: | Low-mass (dwarf) galaxies are among the most valuable objects for probing dark matter and galaxy formation on small scales. Because they are inherently faint and challenging to detect and characterize, studies thus far have primarily focused on dwarf galaxies orbiting the Milky Way. In this talk, I will address the major obstacles in studying low-mass galaxies at varying distances and present findings from novel observations of dwarfs beyond the Local Group, made possible by advances in telescope technology and image processing. These discoveries reveal a remarkable diversity and introduce new astrophysical puzzles. I will share insights into the connection between satellite galaxies and their host dark matter halos, drawing from a unique dataset of satellite galaxies in the Local Volume from the ELVES survey. Additionally, I will discuss phenomena related to extragalactic low-mass galaxies, including size-mass outliers, variations in dark matter content, and the diversity in their globular cluster populations. I will conclude with ongoing and future surveys critical to mapping the broader population and properties of low-mass galaxies. |